Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 plays a major role in how our bodies function — from producing energy to supporting the nervous system and making red blood cells. When levels drop too low, your body starts to show signs, some subtle and others more noticeable. Knowing what to look out for can help you take action early and get your B12 levels back on track.
Common Symptoms of a B12 Deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can build up slowly over time, and symptoms may not always be obvious. Some of the most common ones include:
- Persistent Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or drained, even after a full night's sleep.
- Weakness: Muscle weakness or a lack of strength, especially in your arms and legs.
- Pale or Jaundiced Skin: A paler skin tone or a slight yellow tinge, particularly in the whites of the eyes.
- Shortness of Breath: Especially during physical activity, even mild effort.
- Heart Palpitations: Irregular or rapid heartbeats can be a sign your body is struggling to get enough oxygen.
Neurological Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Because B12 is essential for nerve health, a deficiency can lead to more serious neurological issues, including:
- Tingling or Numbness: A “pins and needles” sensation, especially in the hands and feet.
- Balance Issues: Feeling off balance, dizzy, or unsteady while walking.
- Memory Problems: Trouble concentrating or remembering simple things.
- Mood Changes: Feelings of irritability, low mood, or even depression have been linked to low B12.
Oral and Digestive Clues
Sometimes the symptoms show up in your mouth or digestive system. Keep an eye out for:
- Sore or Swollen Tongue: A red, inflamed tongue or mouth ulcers can be a sign of deficiency.
- Loss of Appetite or Weight Loss: A reduced appetite or unintentional weight drop.
- Digestive Issues: Nausea, bloating, or constipation could also be linked to low B12.
Who’s Most at Risk of B12 Deficiency?
Anyone can develop low B12, but certain groups are more likely to experience it:
- Vegans and Vegetarians: Since B12 is mainly found in animal products, plant-based eaters need to supplement or monitor levels.
- Older Adults: Age can reduce the body’s ability to absorb B12 from food.
- People with Digestive Conditions: Conditions like Crohn’s, coeliac disease, or those who’ve had gastric surgery can affect absorption.
- Those on Certain Medications: Long-term use of medications like metformin or proton pump inhibitors can interfere with B12 absorption.
How to Know If You’re Deficient
The only way to confirm a deficiency is through a blood test. If you’ve been experiencing any of the symptoms listed here — especially more than one — it’s worth speaking to a healthcare provider who can assess your levels and recommend the best course of action.
Learn More from Trusted Sources
For additional information on Vitamin B12 deficiency, symptoms, and treatment options, you can visit the NHS page on B12 deficiency.